Whether "smoke screen" will fall down?

The international experts advise to Ukraine again to raise excises on cigarettes …
Level of distribution of a tobacco smoking in our country one of the highest in the world: smoke two thirds of men (67 %) and every fifth woman (20 %). Such figures in the report under the name «Economy of the taxation of tobacco products in Ukraine» were sounded recently by World bank, having opened a detailed picture of development of this market for years of independence of our country. In total within Ukraine experts of World bank have counted the whole 16,5 million smokers which monthly spend for cigarettes of 2-9 % of the income. The figure of consumption of cigarettes testifies to scales of tobacco disaster for 2007: Ukrainians have bought 123 billion cigarettes, having spent thus 12,9 billion grivnas (2 % of gross national product of the country are equal). We have overtaken on this indicator almost all countries of Eastern Europe. Sustain "a smoke" competition to the Ukrainian smokers Russians could only.
Smoking should declare immediately war, the head of National board concerning public health services, the adviser of President Nikolay Polischuk convinces. Otherwise in some years we will receive the nation of drunkards and smokers. To speak so force last data recently received as a result of carrying out of inspection of schoolboys of Harkovshchiny. It was found out that every fifth pupil smokes. Alcoholic drinks within a month are used by 45,8 % of the interrogated girls and 52,2 % of guys. «That is 50 % of schoolboys throughout a month go to school the drunk. Reflect, daily drunk 5 % of guys and 2 % of girls!» — tells Polischuk. It would Seem, at what here alcohol to smoking? However Polischuk's alcohol names a direct consequence of an early tobacco smoking. «Those who smokes, have propensity to the alcohol use six times big, than those who does not smoke».
Experts of World bank also do an accent on aspect of health of the nation at the decision of a question of fast distribution of smoking. Having analysed a situation, they have come to a conclusion that tobacco invasion has begun because of too low excises on these goods. According to the director of Department of strategic researches for the control over tobacco of the American anticarcinogenic community Khans of Zrubovoj-Ross, during the period with 2000 for 2006 of a cigarette were too cheap. The prices for them decreased faster, than the prices, for example, on bread. For the specified period real cost of the Ukrainian cigarettes has decreased on 26,2 % thus that the rate of inflation made no more than percent. All it has in aggregate led to active development of the market of tobacco products.
Officials in turn report that supposedly since May, first, 2009 there was a doubling of excises on tobacco products. Now the minimum excise tax put in cost of one pack of cigarettes, has grown on 1 гривню 20 copecks (in two and a half time). Cigarettes with the filter have risen in price for 30 %, and without the filter — on 50 %. Hence, rupture between expensive and cheap cigarettes is reduced, as it is accepted in the European countries.
Authors of the report approve such steps, but suggest the Ukrainian authorities not to stop on reached and to increase the rate of the taxation of tobacco products to 70 % of a retail price. It will allow to reduce quantity of smokers on 1-2 million and to receive budgetary receipts in limits from 5,8 to 7 billion grivnas.
Such ideas are supported by the People's Deputy, the assistant to the head of committee of the Supreme Rada of Ukraine concerning the budget Oleg Ljashko (БЮТ). As he said, till September, 2009 the committee will analyse a situation with contraband increase (about what manufacturers warn) and in a case неподтверждения this fact will initiate again a raising of excises on tobacco products. «Today we the unique country in the world, having very interesting base of the taxation of tobacco products: it includes адвалорную the rate which considers the excise, but does not consider the VAT … Owing to withdrawal from base of the taxation of the VAT the budget will receive less this year about 800 million grivnas», — he speaks.
It is supported also by the adviser of the first vice-prime minister Vladimir Rjaboshlyk who specifies that the all-European norm of excises in cost of cigarettes makes 57 %. In Ukraine it has increased to 42 %, therefore it is necessary to lift only a little. By sight Rjaboshlyka, because of cheapness of cigarettes has occurred for the last few years doubling of the market of their manufacture. Ukraine has actually turned to «a smoke tiger» (analogy to the metallurgical market of China which also have christened "tiger"). Present increase of rates not so is terrible, as it is drawn by tobacco magnates, the adviser adds. By its calculations, in 2009 the market of manufacture of cigarettes will decrease on 5 %. «On each 10 % of growth of the price approximately on 2 % consumption of tobacco products falls», — sums up Rjaboshlyk.
«Considering that for last seven years the tobacco companies have increased the manufacture twice even at the worst scenario they will simply return to that level of production which was some years ago», — the head of department of the control over tobacco of the Ukrainian institute of strategic researches of Ministry of Health of Ukraine Konstantin Krasovsky is assured.
For smokers recent tax innovations mean the following: «Винстон» "Parliament" — to 10,5 гривни (in Russia — 12,4 гривни) has risen in price to 5,9 гривни (in Russia the similar mark costs 6,1 гривни), "Malboro" — to 6,5 гривни (in Russia accordingly — 9 grivnas). This data gives a definite answer to those who frightens Ukrainians of flow of contraband from Russia and Moldova, Krasovsky speaks. The price difference between already mentioned marks of cigarettes of the European and Ukrainian manufacture has considerably decreased. Nobody will risk therefore on border. An another matter, contraband from the country. «Now we have the data that contraband goes from Ukraine in even great volumes, than to an adoption of law in September, 2008 (the first stage of increase of excises on tobacco. — a bus). It pushes on thought that the tobacco companies try to earn on it», — Ljashko is assured.
It agree with it and Krasovsky who has told to "Day" as tobacco контрафакт gets abroad. «Last year in Ukraine have legally sold 125 billion cigarettes. Manufacture was 130 billion. Export — 10 billion, import — 4 billion. And consumption, by estimations of the tobacco companies, in the country makes 80 billion cigarettes. We receive a difference about 40 billion which makes contraband in EU», — Krasovsky tells. The expert says that illicit parties sometimes reach the huge sizes: to 200 thousand packs. Such considerable quantity cannot be got in a supermarket, but only at a large firm having the licence for wholesale of tobacco products. The licence for the given kind of activity costs 500 thousand grivnas a year. That is is unprofitable to register fictitious firm for the sake of carrying out of one illicit action. Expenses on the licence too big.

One more way of struggle against smoking

Smoking in coffee-shops in Rosendale is still authorised, therefore in local institutions atmosphere absolutely other. Unlike coffee-shops Bergen-op-Zoma, these cafes look not as points of sale of drugs, but is faster as meeting place and rest. In the noisy filled with smoke premise it is difficult to notice the person who hasty makes the way to "menu" — a show-window under which samples of different grades of marihuana and hashish lie. Affairs here go slowly and even is a little lazy, visitors are weakened, and sellers are carefree. After September, 16th they did not think of a life yet, answer reluctantly: «the owner is not known … Perhaps will open here easier bar? Something yes will be …»
The young man of years of twenty five sits at a bar rack. It looks as the average visitor of the most ordinary cafe, but only besides green tea it has ordered to itself(himself) also a jamb with marihuana. I ask:
— How are you doing, the guy?
— Normally, — answers. — here I sit I smoke …
Half an hour back it still was in Belgium, ten minutes ago has descended from a train and here now strikes a match. It makes similar travel far not for the first time. In any sense it is already such tradition — to come on days off to frontier cities of the Netherlands to drink to tea and to smoke a jamb.
— Descended in university in the morning, after employment the train has taken and has arrived here. Today I have decided to visit Rosendal, simply for a change, but usually I go to Maastricht.
Кевин heard about the new initiative of city authorities Rosendala, but they not too excite him.
— What will you do after September, 16th?
He unperturbably shrugs shoulders:
— I will go to Maastricht.
Two already obviously smoked Belgians approach to a bar rack and try to order martini. «We do not sell alcohol», — the seller answers. Girls look surprised and upset — as if alcohol it do not sell for the first time. Nevertheless trips to the Netherlands for the weekend for them habitual business. They know, what quantity of drugs can"be taken without problems through border, and are ready to give a good advice to everyone who requires them. But they consider the local law silly and unreasonable.
— To tell the truth, I not so understand, what for they have passed this law. It is clear that after September, 16th it will be better to nobody. Marihuana it will be equal as much, it becomes simple all it illegal. They will achieve absolutely other results.
Narcotourism growth in other cities becomes one of such results, naturally. The main blow on itself will accept Maastricht, located all in three kilometres from border. In 1992 the European union here has been founded, but Belgians here attracts has more likely begun to smell marihuana. However, local authorities actively search for the decision of a problem of narcotourism: for example, Gert Leers's mayor has suggested to move all coffee-shops for city boundaries. On the one hand, fidelity to the Dutch liberal traditions, with another — Belgians will not break a city order.

Tobacco dependence

Tobacco dependence is the most common disease in the world. The attitude of society towards smoking tobacco is a contradiction. Tobacco smoking was seen as a problem when they were found negative effects of its impact on human health. Background of smoking is increasing due to incomplete knowledge patobiologicheskoy basis of tobacco dependence and lack of professional knowledge and skills of medical assistance to persons wishing to stop smoking tobacco. Experts estimate that only 5% of people smoking tobacco, can independently stop smoking, 80% of people want to stop smoking, but they need special medical care. Lack of awareness of society in a given scientific problem has led to the concept of smoking (and in fact - for tobacco dependence) as a harmful habit, in which guilt was declared himself sick because he does not want to quit smoking. Modern medical science has classified tobacco dependence as a clinical disease requiring treatment by professional medical specialists.
Experts characterize tobacco addiction as a complex and heterogeneous structure of clinical pathology. Its roots on one side go to the constitutional premorbid features of mental activity of the brain, and the other lesser known areas of biochemical mechanisms underlying the disorders of desire. Phenomenologically tobacco dependence is characterized by loss of control in the field of thinking, "I" on the origin and termination of memories and perceptions, desires, re tobacco smoking with the simultaneous development of clinical syndrome, craving to smoke tobacco, withdrawal symptoms, remissions and relapses.
Tobacco dependence on the class V of ICD-10, adapted for use in Russia, is included in the section [F10-F19] "Mental and behavioral disorders related to (caused) the use of psychoactive substances" in heading (F1h.2) "dependency syndrome", in category (F17.3h) "Withdrawal of tobacco, and (F17.0h)" acute intoxication caused by tobacco use (acute nicotine intoxication). Tobacco does not refer to the "list of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors subject to control in the RF (Lists I, II, III)", and the absence of clinically Tobacco psychoorganic deficits symptoms and personality changes caused by tobacco use, defines a special place Tobacco among disorders instincts.
Tobacco dependence is diagnosed at up to 90% in those who smoke tobacco daily.